{"id":6893,"date":"2022-03-14T07:13:40","date_gmt":"2022-03-14T00:13:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.coolmate.me\/graphene-dac-diem-va-ung-dung-6893"},"modified":"2025-09-04T18:04:04","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T11:04:04","slug":"graphene-dac-diem-va-ung-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.coolmate.me\/blog\/graphene-dac-diem-va-ung-dung","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Graphene"},"content":{"rendered":"

Các \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m và \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Graphene<\/h1>\n

Graphene là v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hai chi\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m các nguyên t\u1eed cacbon liên k\u1ebft theo c\u1ea5u trúc hình l\u1ee5c giác, t\u1ea1o thành l\u1edbp dày m\u1ed9t nguyên t\u1eed. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u này có ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng rãi trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1edd các \u0111\u1eb7c tính v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

\"C\u1ea5u<\/p>\n

1. Graphene là gì?<\/h2>\n

Graphene là m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng thù hình c\u1ee7a cacbon, bao g\u1ed3m các nguyên t\u1eed cacbon liên k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau theo c\u1ea5u trúc m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 hình l\u1ee5c giác, t\u1ea1o thành m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1eb3ng dày m\u1ed9t nguyên t\u1eed. Graphene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb than chì, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong t\u1ef1 nhiên.<\/p>\n

\"Mô<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t milimet than chì ch\u1ee9a ba tri\u1ec7u l\u1edbp graphene. M\u1eb7c dù là v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ecfng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, graphene l\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

{{{infobox}}} => Xem thêm:Graphene là gì? Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a graphene trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<\/a> {{{\/infobox}}}<\/p>\n

2. Graphene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phát hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nào?<\/h2>\n

M\u1eb7c dù \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghiên c\u1ee9u lý thuy\u1ebft t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, graphene ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phân tách thành công vào n\u0103m 2002 b\u1edfi Andre Geim và Kostya Novoselov t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Manchester. H\u1ecd \u0111ã s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pháp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd: dùng b\u0103ng dính bóc tách các l\u1edbp graphene t\u1eeb than chì. Phát hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t phá này \u0111ã mang v\u1ec1 cho h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt lý n\u0103m 2010.<\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111ó, các ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pháp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t graphene \u0111ã \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111áng k\u1ec3, cho phép t\u1ea1o ra các t\u1ea5m graphene v\u1edbi kích th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n và ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\"Andre<\/p>\n

Geim và b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ông \u0111ã nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u1eadt lý vào n\u0103m 2010. Ngu\u1ed3n: Internet<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Graphene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nào?<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t graphene ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u1edbi chi phí h\u1ee3p lý v\u1eabn là m\u1ed9t thách th\u1ee9c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111ây là m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pháp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t graphene ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

3.1. Phân c\u1eaft vi c\u01a1<\/h3>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pháp này t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 cách Geim và Novoselov \u0111ã làm, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng dính \u0111\u1ec3 bóc tách graphene t\u1eeb than chì. Tuy \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pháp này không phù h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t graphene trên quy mô l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

\"Phân<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a quá trình phân tách vi c\u01a1. Ngu\u1ed3n: Internet<\/em><\/p>\n

3.2 T\u1ea9y t\u1ebf bào ch\u1ebft pha l\u1ecfng (LPE)<\/h3>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung môi và sóng siêu âm \u0111\u1ec3 tách graphene t\u1eeb than chì. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pháp này có ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u khó kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trên quy mô l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

\"T\u1ea9y<\/p>\n

T\u1ea9y t\u1ebf bào ch\u1ebft pha l\u1ecfng (LPE). Ngu\u1ed3n: Internet<\/em><\/p>\n

3.3 L\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i hóa h\u1ecdc (CVD)<\/h3>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pháp này s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hóa h\u1ecdc trong pha h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra graphene trên m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n. CVD là m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pháp ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t graphene ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u1edbi quy mô l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

\"L\u1eafng<\/p>\n

L\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i hóa h\u1ecdc (CVD). Ngu\u1ed3n: Internet<\/em><\/p>\n

3.4 Flame synthesis<\/h3>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p graphene. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pháp này \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111ánh giá là ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi phí nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng graphene t\u1ea1o ra ch\u01b0a cao.<\/p>\n

\"Flame<\/p>\n

Flame synthesis. Ngu\u1ed3n: Internet<\/em><\/p>\n

3.5 L\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng laser xung (PLD)<\/h3>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng laser \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u graphite và l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng graphene trên ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n. PLD cho phép t\u1ea1o ra graphene ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u01b0ng chi phí s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t còn cao.<\/p>\n

\"L\u1eafng<\/p>\n

L\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng laser xung (PLD). Ngu\u1ed3n: Internet<\/em><\/p>\n

4. Các \u0111\u1eb7c tính c\u1ee7a Graphene<\/h2>\n

Graphene s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c tính v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n